HL Paper 3
The graph shows the ventilation rate and tidal volume of a well-trained runner during exercise on a treadmill. The tidal volume is the volume of air being moved in and out of the lungs in each breath.
State the apparatus used to measure the tidal volume.
Calculate the total volume of air inhaled during one minute during the highest velocity of the treadmill in this test, giving the units.
Compare and contrast the effect of increasing treadmill speed on the ventilation rate and tidal volume in this runner.
Measurements of the lung capacity of a student were recorded using a spirometer and displayed with a data logger. Initially the student was at rest, then changed to carrying out strenuous exercise. The results are displayed in the graph.
Calculate the ventilation rate at rest, giving the units.
Explain the changes in ventilation after 35 seconds.
Suggest how the total lung volume at rest would differ for a patient with emphysema.
Outline the function of pneumocytes in the lungs.